How to Become a Landlord: 7 Steps for Making it Happen

Are you interested in generating passive income by managing a rental property? Rental income can cover your mortgage payment, offering financial security, particularly if you become a successful landlord. If you’re not sure where to start, look no further than this comprehensive guide.

We’ll walk you through each step of the process, starting with purchasing your first rental property. We recommend reading through this guide at least once all the way through, then using the links below to jump to any sections you’d like to revisit. Let’s get started!

• Buying Rental Property
• How to Become a Landlord: Getting Prepared
• Create a Marketing Plan to Rent Your Property
• Tenant Screening for Landlords
• Becoming a Landlord: Signing the Lease
• Managing Tenants
• Move-Out

1. Buying Rental Property

Buying a rental property is the first step to becoming a landlord, and arguably the most important. That’s why keeping the marketability of your future rental property top of mind is crucial to becoming a successful landlord. While the most affordable property might seem enticing, it may not be the best investment strategy.

When considering which piece of real estate to buy, first-time landlords must put themselves in their prospective tenant’s shoes. What’s the neighborhood like? Is it established or up-and-coming? If the rental will be marketed towards a family, are there quality schools in the district? If the rental is geared towards a younger generation of tenants, is there easy access to public transportation, restaurants, and shopping?

Understanding who your potential renter will be will help you evaluate the property through a different lens. After all, the profitability of the rental hinges on finding and keeping great tenants, and that starts with having a clear vision of who that may be.

You’ll also want to consider how close the rental is to your permanent home. Unless you hire a property management company, you’ll likely be responsible for showing the property along with taking care of maintenance issues, tenant lockouts, and general property upkeep. Your time is valuable, so factor in how often you will have to visit the rental property when looking at your local real estate market.

PRO TIP: If finding a rental unit is stressing you out, contact a local real estate agent. They can schedule walk-throughs for you and answer any real estate-related questions you have about buying your first investment property!

How to Price a Rental Property

Setting your rental price can be tricky. You want to make sure that you set it high enough to cover all of your expenses and provide a nice cash flow if possible, but not too high since that could lead to occupancy issues.

Curious what you should charge for rent to be competitive in your local market? It’s crucial to…

Know Your Competition

You will want to do a thorough analysis of rental prices in the neighborhood or building where your property is located. Your potential tenants will be doing this too, so you need to understand where you fit and why. Find a nearby property with similar square footage, bedrooms, bathrooms, and amenities as your starting point.

If you have more amenities (such as a newer property, parking, lawn care, etc.), take these features into consideration when pricing your rental.

Another benefit of researching the competition yourself is seeing how other landlords are marketing their properties, including their descriptions, photos, and policies. Take note of any listings that catch your eye. Ask yourself why they stood out to you so you can use the same tactics when marketing your rental. Then, run a rent estimate report to ensure your pricing is competitive.

If you’re looking for more marketing tips, this blog can help!

2. How to Become a Landlord: Getting Prepared

Successful landlords put processes and procedures in place from the beginning that uphold Fair Housing laws (along with local and federal laws). Follow our tips below to build a proper foundation for your real estate investment.

Secure the Documents Every New Landlord Needs

The best thing you can do to protect yourself as a landlord is to keep proper documentation whenever you are interacting with your tenants and keep those records on file even after the tenancy is done. In some states, you’ll want to save that information for as long as six years, but again, check your local and state laws for specific timelines.

Document needs can be broken down into three phases – pre-move-in, during tenancy, and pre/post-move-out.

Here are a few of the essential pre-move in documents you’ll need:

• Lease agreement
• Pet lease (if applicable)
• Co-signer agreement
• Welcome letter
• Move-in checklist
• Tenant rules and regulations

Once the tenant has moved in, provide written notice before entering the unit and document the event in your notes. You’ll also want to send a note if they’ll be impacted in any way. For example, give your tenant proper notice when it comes to:

• Unit cleaning
• Work order fulfillment
• Returning their check
• Late rent payment(s)
• Rent increases

If your tenant has decided not to renew their lease, you will want to properly close out that tenancy. To that end, you’ll need:

• Tenant 30-day notice of termination
• Move-out inspection checklist
• Move-out cleaning checklist
• Resident survey

If all these forms have your head spinning, don’t worry! Purchase and download TurboTenant’s Ultimate Landlord forms pack.

Understand Short-Term vs. Long-Term Rental Rates

You have your ideal property and your pricing planned. Now it’s time to decide the length of the lease you’d like to offer.

While doing your rent research, take note of the most common lease length offerings in your vicinity. If they are all year-long lease commitments, it would make sense to position yours similarly. If they seem to be shorter or month-to-month leases, do more research to understand why that might be the case.

A month-to-month lease can be a better option for tenants, but often benefit the landlord less. However, you may be able to charge a premium for a month-to-month lease option.

Tenant turnover is one of the costliest and most time-consuming expenses that you will have as a landlord. That’s why we recommend avoiding the issue by securing long-term tenants at a competitive rental price to provide the best return on investment.

Learn Landlord-Tenant Law

There are state-specific laws, rights, and responsibilities for both landlords and tenants. Abiding by each law in your area is crucial to your success as a landlord. Legal fees and lawsuits are expensive and time-consuming, and knowledge is power when it comes to understanding your responsibilities.

While rental laws vary across the country, one thing that doesn’t change is the Federal Fair Housing Act. This law protects people from discrimination when they are renting, buying, or securing financing for housing. The Fair Housing Act makes it illegal to advertise “any preference, limitation, or discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin, or intention to make any such preference, limitation, or discrimination.”

If you are going to reject a tenant, you must make sure that you properly document why you are rejecting them and make sure it isn’t based on a protected class covered by the Federal Fair Housing Act.

Establish Rental Policies

There are some rental policies that can be individualized based on the landlord’s preferences, and you should be covered as long as you’re following federal, state, and local housing laws. Some standard policies to put in place are:

• Pet policies
• Security deposit amount
• Lease length
• Rent collection

Each landlord should create their policies, have the tenants sign off on the policy, and keep a copy in the tenant’s file. You will also want to state in each policy what the penalty is for breaking the agreed-upon terms. If you make any updates to your policies, let your tenants know and have them sign an amended policy so their file is up to date and everyone is operating under the agreed-upon terms.

3. Create a Marketing Plan to List Your Property

Effectively marketing your rental is critical. Prolonged vacancies are one of the most stressful, costly, and time-consuming aspects of being a landlord. The best way to stop that from happening is to communicate with your tenants about upcoming vacancies and lease renewals, time move-out and move-ins accordingly, and market on the right online and offline channels.

• Preparing Your Rental: After each move-out, you’ll need to prepare the rental for the next tenant. This prep work can be as simple as having the carpets and space professionally cleaned to more time-consuming preparations like repainting and upgrading appliances.
• Taking Pictures: Once the rental is move-in ready, take photos for your rental ad. The first thing potential tenants will do is scan the photos in your listings. It is critical that you have well-lit pictures of every room in the house. Also include photos of the exterior, lawn, and backyard if applicable. If there are certain amenities that make your rental stand out, be sure to include photos of those as well.
• Writing Your Property Description: Your photos will tell the visual story of the property, and your description should be the verbal extension of that story. When writing your rental ad, provide as many details as possible regarding square footage, room and bathroom counts, amenities, recent upgrades, and information regarding pets, deposit, and smoking policies. Also include information about the neighborhood, nearby shopping, and restaurants.
• Advertising Your Rental Online: Now that the unit, its photos, and the listing description are picture-perfect, you need to post your rental online. The best way to cut down on time when posting your rental will be to use software like TurboTenant that syndicates your listing to the most popular listing sites. To syndicate a listing means you post it once, then TurboTenant automatically posts it on sites like Apartments.com, Realtor.com, and Rent.com. You will also want to consider posting on Craigslist and Facebook.
• Advertising Your Rental Offline: Offline methods for marketing your vacancy include yard signs and flyers. Often, people will drive around neighborhoods they like looking for vacancies and ‘for rent’ signs. By not having signage, you could miss out on a great potential tenant. Be sure to include a few details like the rental price, bedroom/bathroom count, and your contact information.

4. Tenant Screening for Landlords

Your rental is posted on all of the popular listing sites, you have great photos and a fantastic description, so the leads start pouring in. What should you do to make sure you rent to good tenants?
The answer is tenant screening, and it’s highly critical to becoming a successful landlord.

Pre-Screening Tenants

The best way to cut down on the time you will spend sorting through leads is to set clear expectations in your rental advertisement. If you keep getting the same questions from prospects, update your description to include those answers. Doing so will save you time and deter renters who are not a good fit. It’s also best practice to have a list of pre-qualifying questions that you will want each prospect to answer, which may center on their:

• Employment status
• Monthly income
• Desired move-in date
• Number of roommates
• Pets
• Smoking habits

Screening Tenants

Once you have pre-screened your rental prospects and identified the top candidates, ask them to fill out a rental application and run a credit, criminal, and eviction background check on each applicant. Tenant screening reports provide hard data regarding an applicant’s credit score, criminal history, eviction, and payment history. This is one of the best ways to protect yourself as a landlord, and it’s a standard procedure for savvy landlords.

You’ll also want to request references from your applicants’ past landlords. Take this opportunity to ask them questions. Their answers will provide another data point to help you narrow down your rental leads. Consider asking:

• If they had a formal lease agreement in place
• Whether or not their tenant had pets
• If they paid rent on time
• If the landlord ever had problems with noise or other disturbances related to your prospective tenant

PRO TIP: If you are getting resistance or pushback on tenant screening questions and requests, that could be an indicator that the prospect has something to hide. Be firm on your policies and treat each prospect fairly, if you get resistance, it might be time to move on to the next lead.

5. Becoming a Landlord: Signing the Lease

Becoming a landlord officially starts when the lease is signed. Lease agreements are regulated state by state, so you’ll want to make sure that you have a legally binding lease. TurboTenant offers state-specific leases for many states, should you need one!

Once the lease is signed, you will want to coordinate the move-in and initial inspection with your new tenant. Using a move-in checklist allows you to establish and maintain a baseline in terms of the condition of the rental. It is best to do this alongside the tenant and to take pictures for reference during both routine and move-out inspections.

6. Managing Tenants

You spent time and money finding a great tenant. Now the goal is to keep them. Becoming a landlord involves building and maintaining a good relationship with your tenant.

Collecting Rent

You will want to establish policies around rent collection as well. Be clear and concise about expectations when discussing payment options with your tenant. Here are a few questions to consider:

• What methods of payment will you accept — online payments, check, credit card, or ACH?
• When is it due?
• If paying by check, does the tenant need to mail it in, or can they drop it off?
• When is rent considered late?
• What is your late fee amount and policy?

Online rent payments are starting to become the standard for landlords and renters. Some payment platforms will let you set automatic payments as well, which benefits both parties: the renter doesn’t have to remember to pay rent each month, and the landlord knows exactly when to expect their payment. Whatever method you choose, just communicate your policies clearly and concisely to ensure that rent is paid on time.

How to Handle Maintenance Requests and Tenant Complaints

Maintenance requests and tenant complaints will inevitably come up turning your renter’s tenancy. Again, the best way to set yourself up for success is to have policies and procedures in place for addressing maintenance requests and tenant complaints. Here are a few of the best ways to handle these situations:

• Set Expectations: Be clear with your tenant on turnaround time for maintenance requests, as well as the appropriate procedures for emergency and non-emergency requests. You will want to know about emergencies immediately, so a phone call or text might be best.
• Get Everything in Writing: Although your tenants may want to text or call you the minute there is something that needs to be fixed or addressed, it is best to have them make those requests in writing. This allows you to document the request and start planning how to address it. If your tenant calls you with an emergency, be sure to document their request and put it in the tenant’s file.
• Provide Notice to Enter: If you need to enter the rental to assess the request, you will need to give your tenant prior notice before entering. Usually, landlords will give a tenant at least 24-hour notice before entering.
• Communicate: Regardless of how big or small the maintenance request or noise complaint is, the most important thing you will want to do is communicate how you will address it, the next steps they’ll need to take (as applicable), and a timeline for remedying the situation.

New Landlord Noise Complaint Letter Template

If your tenant has a noise complaint or receives one, let them know in writing and keep a record of the complaint in their tenant file. Here’s a sample template:

NOISE COMPLAINT LETTER

Date: ______/______/20_____

Dear ______________________:

We have received complaints regarding loud noise coming from your unit. Please make sure any noise is always kept to a reasonable volume, with extra care between the hours of 10 pm-8 am. This is for the benefit and enjoyment of all tenants.

Loud noise is in violation of City Ordinance (fill in ordinance #) and is a misdemeanor. If we continue to receive complaints, we will be forced to notify the police department directly.

Thank you in advance for your cooperation in this matter.

Sincerely,

(Sign here)

(Printed name)

Managing Periodic Inspections

Conducting periodic inspections is essential to ensuring that your property is in good condition and that there aren’t any maintenance issues that need to be addressed. It can depend on the tenant, but it is best to perform routine inspections every couple of months.

You will want to reference your previous inspection checklist and pictures you took, documenting anything that has changed or needs to be repaired. Both the landlord and the tenant should sign off on the inspection. You will also need to give your tenant prior notice before entering the rental.

How to Maintain Good Communication

In our world of constant connectivity, communicating with your tenants may take place through a variety of channels. They may call, text, email, or discuss issues and concerns with you in person. While the best way to keep a great tenant is to communicate effectively and efficiently with them, it’s important to set boundaries and expectations regarding communication as well. Give each tenant an emergency contact sheet, and highlight the best (i.e., your preferred) method of communication for both emergency and non-emergency situations.

As the landlord, you will also want to make sure that you are respecting the privacy of your tenants. If you happen to live nearby or in the same building as your rental, don’t become overbearing or nosey. Respect your tenant and give them the space they need to live in peace.

Avoiding Evictions

Evictions are costly and time-consuming. It is best to try and avoid them at all costs. One of the best ways to avoid an eviction is to screen your tenants and properly vet them during the selection process. After that, taking a proactive approach to building a healthy landlord-tenant relationship is essential.

We can’t stress it enough: having clear policies and keeping proper documentation will set you up for the greatest success in all landlording matters. That said, some evictions are unavoidable. Here’s a list of common reasons eviction proceedings take place:

• Non-payment of rent (typically the most common)
• Lease violation
• Property damage
• Illegal activities
• Expiration of lease

It’s also important to know your state’s laws regarding eviction proceedings. They can vary, and you’ll want to make sure you understand how the process will work. Follow every law to protect yourself and resolve the eviction quickly.

7. The Move-Out Process

If your tenant chooses to move out, you will want to make that process as smooth as possible. This will help you fill the vacancy quickly and decrease costs associated with tenant turnover. If your goal is to have minimal time without a renter, you’ll want to start to list your property as soon as you receive notice of non-lease renewal. If you need to take updated pictures or schedule showings while your current tenant is still there, be sure to give them at least a 24-hour notice of entry.

Once you have agreed on a move-out date, you’ll want to schedule the final move-out inspection. This is where you’ll reference all of your previous inspection checklists and document any damages and changes in appearance, along with wear and tear. You will also need to set expectations regarding cleaning, handing over keys, and returning their security deposit. Again, laws will vary state by state, but there’s typically a set number of days the landlord has to return the deposit (as well as provide a list of deductions, if applicable).

What Else Should New Landlords Know?

There’s so much to learn about being a landlord, and TurboTenant is here to help every step of the way!

When and How to Raise Rent as a New Landlord

Establish your policies regarding rent increases early, and be transparent with your tenant regarding the amount and timing. Landlords typically raise the rent around 3% per year at the time of lease renewal to adjust for inflation. Legally, landlords are allowed to raise the rent once lease renewal rolls around, but be sure to check your local and state laws before deciding to increase your rental price.

If you make major renovations, update appliances, or increase the square footage, your efforts may warrant a larger increase. The key is to be transparent and give your tenants a formal letter, at least 30 days before the rent increase, explaining the exact details of the increase and when it will go into effect.

For more communication tips, check out this blog!

Hiring a Property Manager

To hire or not to hire — that is the question. There are pros and cons to consider when evaluating whether or not to hire a property manager. With the rise of online property management tools, the need to have someone on-site or nearby has decreased, but keep your specific situation top of mind when making this decision. Below, we’ve outlined the pros and cons of hiring a property management company.

Pros

If you want to be a hands-off property owner and focus on marketing, filling vacancies, screening tenants, and maintenance requests sounds like torture, then hire a property manager. (If you’re a virtual landlord, having reliable help nearby is a must.) Hiring a skilled property manager will save you time — and when it comes to an investment property, your time is money.

Cons

The first and foremost con of hiring a property manager is the cost since their salary will directly impact your bottom line. As such, we recommend running a cost-benefit analysis to determine if this move is financially feasible. If you purchased your rental at a great time and are able to charge premium rent, the cost might be easily absorbed and well worth the added peace of mind. However, if the rent barely covers the mortgage, it might not be a wise financial decision to hire a property manager.

Tax Advantages for Landlords

There are many tax advantages for landlords. The best way to set yourself up to take advantage of those deductions is to put a process in place to track your expenses. Here’s a list of the top nine tax deductions for landlords:

1. Pass-through tax deduction
2. Repairs and maintenance
3. Depreciation
4. Home office
5. Professional and legal services
6. Travel
7. Interest
8. Employees
9. Insurance

The goal of becoming a landlord is to maximize your return on investment. When it comes to taxes, that means taking advantage of your eligible deductions to boost your bottom line.

Becoming a Landlord FAQs

Below are some common questions you might have about becoming a landlord.

Becoming a landlord is a long-term investment strategy. As with any business, creating a proper foundation is a key element to your success. While the list of prep work might seem daunting, establishing procedures is key to remaining efficient and profitable as a landlord. The best part about creating a solid foundation? When you decide to purchase another rental property, you’ll be set up for success.

Need help marketing your rental, accepting online rental applications, and screening tenants? TurboTenant can help you streamline the entire process. Success is only a click away!